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The CKS exam is a hands-on, performance-based exam that tests the candidate's ability to secure a Kubernetes cluster. CKS exam consists of 17 scenarios that simulate real-world situations that a Kubernetes administrator might face. The scenarios are designed to test the candidate's understanding of Kubernetes security concepts, their ability to identify and mitigate common vulnerabilities, and their knowledge of best practices for securing Kubernetes clusters. CKS exam is conducted online and can be taken from anywhere in the world. Candidates are required to pass the exam to earn the CKS certification, which is valid for two years.

Linux Foundation CKS (Certified Kubernetes Security Specialist) Exam is a certification program that validates the skills and knowledge of professionals in securing Kubernetes clusters. Kubernetes is a popular open-source container orchestration platform that is widely used by organizations to manage and deploy containerized applications. As Kubernetes adoption has grown, the need for skilled and knowledgeable security professionals to secure these clusters has also increased.

The CKS Certification Exam covers a wide range of topics, including Kubernetes cluster architecture, network security, container security, access management, and security auditing. CKS exam is designed to assess the candidate's knowledge of security best practices, as well as their ability to implement and manage security controls effectively. Certified Kubernetes Security Specialist (CKS) certification exam is vendor-neutral, which means that it is not tied to any particular technology or platform, and is recognized by organizations worldwide.

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Linux Foundation Certified Kubernetes Security Specialist (CKS) Sample Questions (Q32-Q37):

NEW QUESTION # 32
SIMULATION
Create a network policy named allow-np, that allows pod in the namespace staging to connect to port 80 of other pods in the same namespace.
Ensure that Network Policy:-
1. Does not allow access to pod not listening on port 80.
2. Does not allow access from Pods, not in namespace staging.

Answer:

Explanation:
See the Explanation belowExplanation:
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
name: network-policy
spec:
podSelector: {} #selects all the pods in the namespace deployed
policyTypes:
- Ingress
ingress:
- ports: #in input traffic allowed only through 80 port only
- protocol: TCP
port: 80


NEW QUESTION # 33
Cluster: qa-cluster Master node: master Worker node: worker1 You can switch the cluster/configuration context using the following command: [desk@cli] $ kubectl config use-context qa-cluster Task: Create a NetworkPolicy named restricted-policy to restrict access to Pod product running in namespace dev. Only allow the following Pods to connect to Pod products-service: 1. Pods in the namespace qa 2. Pods with label environment: stage, in any namespace

Answer:

Explanation:




NEW QUESTION # 34
Secrets stored in the etcd is not secure at rest, you can use the etcdctl command utility to find the secret value for e.g:- ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl get /registry/secrets/default/cks-secret --cacert="ca.crt" --cert="server.crt" --key="server.key" Output

Using the Encryption Configuration, Create the manifest, which secures the resource secrets using the provider AES-CBC and identity, to encrypt the secret-data at rest and ensure all secrets are encrypted with the new configuration.

Answer:

Explanation:
ETCD secret encryption can be verified with the help of etcdctl command line utility.
ETCD secrets are stored at the path /registry/secrets/$namespace/$secret on the master node.
The below command can be used to verify if the particular ETCD secret is encrypted or not.
# ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl get /registry/secrets/default/secret1 [...] | hexdump -C


NEW QUESTION # 35
You can switch the cluster/configuration context using the following command: [desk@cli] $ kubectl config use-context test-account Task: Enable audit logs in the cluster.
To do so, enable the log backend, and ensure that:
1. logs are stored at /var/log/Kubernetes/logs.txt
2. log files are retained for 5 days
3. at maximum, a number of 10 old audit log files are retained
A basic policy is provided at /etc/Kubernetes/logpolicy/audit-policy.yaml. It only specifies what not to log. Note: The base policy is located on the cluster's master node.
Edit and extend the basic policy to log: 1. Nodes changes at RequestResponse level 2. The request body of persistentvolumes changes in the namespace frontend 3. ConfigMap and Secret changes in all namespaces at the Metadata level Also, add a catch-all rule to log all other requests at the Metadata level Note: Don't forget to apply the modified policy.

Answer:

Explanation:
$ vim /etc/kubernetes/log-policy/audit-policy.yaml
- level: RequestResponse
userGroups: ["system:nodes"]
- level: Request
resources:
- group: "" # core API group
resources: ["persistentvolumes"]
namespaces: ["frontend"]
- level: Metadata
resources:
- group: ""
resources: ["configmaps", "secrets"]
- level: Metadata
$ vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml Add these
- --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/log-policy/audit-policy.yaml
- --audit-log-path=/var/log/kubernetes/logs.txt
- --audit-log-maxage=5
- --audit-log-maxbackup=10
Explanation
[desk@cli] $ ssh master1 [master1@cli] $ vim /etc/kubernetes/log-policy/audit-policy.yaml apiVersion: audit.k8s.io/v1 # This is required.
kind: Policy
# Don't generate audit events for all requests in RequestReceived stage.
omitStages:
- "RequestReceived"
rules:
# Don't log watch requests by the "system:kube-proxy" on endpoints or services
- level: None
users: ["system:kube-proxy"]
verbs: ["watch"]
resources:
- group: "" # core API group
resources: ["endpoints", "services"]
# Don't log authenticated requests to certain non-resource URL paths.
- level: None
userGroups: ["system:authenticated"]
nonResourceURLs:
- "/api*" # Wildcard matching.
- "/version"
# Add your changes below
- level: RequestResponse
userGroups: ["system:nodes"] # Block for nodes
- level: Request
resources:
- group: "" # core API group
resources: ["persistentvolumes"] # Block for persistentvolumes
namespaces: ["frontend"] # Block for persistentvolumes of frontend ns
- level: Metadata
resources:
- group: "" # core API group
resources: ["configmaps", "secrets"] # Block for configmaps & secrets
- level: Metadata # Block for everything else
[master1@cli] $ vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
annotations:
kubeadm.kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver.advertise-address.endpoint: 10.0.0.5:6443 labels:
component: kube-apiserver
tier: control-plane
name: kube-apiserver
namespace: kube-system
spec:
containers:
- command:
- kube-apiserver
- --advertise-address=10.0.0.5
- --allow-privileged=true
- --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC
- --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/log-policy/audit-policy.yaml #Add this
- --audit-log-path=/var/log/kubernetes/logs.txt #Add this
- --audit-log-maxage=5 #Add this
- --audit-log-maxbackup=10 #Add this
...
output truncated
Note: log volume & policy volume is already mounted in vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml so no need to mount it. Reference: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/audit/


NEW QUESTION # 36
SIMULATION
Context:
Cluster: prod
Master node: master1
Worker node: worker1
You can switch the cluster/configuration context using the following command:
[desk@cli] $ kubectl config use-context prod
Task:
Analyse and edit the given Dockerfile (based on the ubuntu:18:04 image)
/home/cert_masters/Dockerfile fixing two instructions present in the file being prominent security/best-practice issues.
Analyse and edit the given manifest file
/home/cert_masters/mydeployment.yaml fixing two fields present in the file being prominent security/best-practice issues.
Note: Don't add or remove configuration settings; only modify the existing configuration settings, so that two configuration settings each are no longer security/best-practice concerns.
Should you need an unprivileged user for any of the tasks, use user nobody with user id 65535

Answer:

Explanation:
See the Explanation belowExplanation:
1. For Dockerfile: Fix the image version & user name in Dockerfile
2. For mydeployment.yaml : Fix security contexts
Explanation:
[desk@cli] $ vim /home/cert_masters/Dockerfile
FROM ubuntu:latest # Remove this
FROM ubuntu:18.04 # Add this
USER root # Remove this
USER nobody # Add this
RUN apt get install -y lsof=4.72 wget=1.17.1 nginx=4.2
ENV ENVIRONMENT=testing
USER root # Remove this
USER nobody # Add this
CMD ["nginx -d"]

[desk@cli] $ vim /home/cert_masters/mydeployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
creationTimestamp: null
labels:
app: kafka
name: kafka
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: kafka
strategy: {}
template:
metadata:
creationTimestamp: null
labels:
app: kafka
spec:
containers:
- image: bitnami/kafka
name: kafka
volumeMounts:
- name: kafka-vol
mountPath: /var/lib/kafka
securityContext:
{"capabilities":{"add":["NET_ADMIN"],"drop":["all"]},"privileged": True,"readOnlyRootFilesystem": False, "runAsUser": 65535} # Delete This
{"capabilities":{"add":["NET_ADMIN"],"drop":["all"]},"privileged": False,"readOnlyRootFilesystem": True, "runAsUser": 65535} # Add This resources: {} volumes:
- name: kafka-vol
emptyDir: {}
status: {}
Pictorial View:
[desk@cli] $ vim /home/cert_masters/mydeployment.yaml


NEW QUESTION # 37
......

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